【英语】2014年真题文本精讲171期
2014年text3 第四段、第五段
①Hagel says we have designed jobs in the U.S. that tend to be “tightly scripted” and “highly standardized”ones that leave no room for “individual initiative or creativity.” ②In short, these are the types of jobs that machines can perform much better at than human beings. ③That is how we have put a giant target sign on the backs of American workers, Hagel says.
④It's time to reinvent the formula for how work is conducted, since we are still relying on a very 20th century notion of work, Hagel says. ⑤In our rapidly changing economy, we more than ever need people in the workplace who can take initiative and exercise their imagination “to respond to unexpected events.”⑥That's not something machines are good at. ⑦They are designed to perform very predictable activities.
句子切分:
第一句:
1. Hagel says
2. we have designed jobs in the U.S.
3. (jobs)that tend to be “tightly scripted” and “highly standardized”ones
4. (ones) that leave no room for “individual initiative or creativity.”
翻译解析:Hagel说,在美国(地点状前置)工作往往是“严格规定”,并且“高标准化” ,没有给个人发挥主动性和创造力(修饰语前置)留下空间。
第二句:
1. In short,
2. these are the types of jobs
3. (jobs)that machines can perform much better at than human beings.
翻译解析:简而言之,这些工作都是机器而不是人更擅长的。
第三句:
1. That is
2. how we have put a giant target sign on the backs of American workers, (how引导的表语从句)
3. Hagel says.
翻译解析:Hagel说,这样就等于我们在美国工人的背上(地点状前置)画了一个靶心标志。
第四句:
1. It's time to reinvent the formula for
2. how work is conducted,
3. since we are still relying on a very 20th century notion of work,
4. Hagel says.
翻译解析:Hagel认为(句末插入语前置),是时候该重新创造工作方式了,因为我们还依赖于20世纪的工作理念。
第五句:
1. In our rapidly changing economy,
2. we more than ever need people in the workplace
3. (people) who can take initiative and exercise their imagination “to respond to unexpected events.”
翻译解析:在经济快速发展的今天,我们比以往更需要一些职场人士,他们能发挥主动性,运用想象力来应对预料之外的事(定语从句信息过长,分开翻译)。
第六句:
1. That's not something
2. machines are good at.
翻译解析:这是机器并不擅长(定语从句前置)的事情。
第七句:
They are designed to perform very predictable activities.
翻译解析:它们只能完成事先设定好的工作。
动词及短语(重点):
script:作为名词本身的含义表示手写稿;本文用作动词,表示写;
standard-standardize-standardized:标准化的
leave no room for sth:没留下余地和空间
initial(形容词,最初的,字首的)-initially(相当于firstly,写作中可以用该词替换firstly)-initiative:主动性;
create-creativity:创造性
rely on :依靠,依赖;相当于depend on;多次考察过其名词reliance;
take initiative to do sth:主动做某事
exercise one's imagination:发挥想象力;exercise在这里用作动词,表示运用;难点义项
respond to :对什么做出反应;高频
be good at:擅长做某事;
perform-conduct:这两个词是本文的重点动词,都可以表示实施,能相互替换;
其他相关词汇:
a giant(巨大的) target(目标) sign:大的标靶符号
back:前面我们学到该词,表示支持,真题重点义项;但是本文考察的是它的基础义项,表示背部;
form(形式)-formula:统一形式延伸出来表示准则;该词还可以表示配方;
event-matter-issue-activity:这几个词汇在真题中都有出现,表示事件;
in short:简而言之;shortly
延伸阅读:
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