华杰专硕-【英语】2011年英语真题文本精讲118期

【英语】2011年英语真题文本精讲118期

分享是种美德：

2011年阅读理解Text1第三段

①The researchers from Ohio University used a database that covered more than 10,000 firms and more than 64,000 different directors between 1989 and 2004.② Then they simply checked which directors stayed from one proxy statement to the next. ③The most likely reason for departing a board was age, so the researchers concentrated on those “surprise” disappearances by directors under the age of 70. ④They found that after a surprise departure, the probability that the company will subsequently have to restate earnings increased by nearly 20%. ⑤The likelihood of being named in a federal class-action lawsuit also increases, and the stock is likely to perform worse. ⑥The effect tended to be larger for larger firms. ⑦Although a correlation between them leaving and subsequent bad performance at the firm is suggestive, it does not mean that such directors are always jumping off a sinking ship. ⑧Often they “trade up,” leaving riskier, smaller firms for larger and more stable firms.

句子切分：

第一句：

1. The researchers from Ohio University used a database

2. that covered more than 10,000 firms and more than 64,000 different directors between 1989 and 2004.

翻译解析：来自俄亥俄大学（修饰语前置）的研究者们建立了一个数据库，该数据库（定语从句信息过多，采用分句翻）涵盖了从1989年至2004年间的一万多家公司和六万四千多位董事。

第二句：

1. Then they simply checked

2. which directors stayed from one proxy statement to the next（proxy statement）.

翻译解析：然后，他们只是查看哪些董事从签署股东委托书一直任职到签署下一份委托书。

第三句：

1. The most likely reason for departing a board was age,

2. so the researchers concentrated on those “surprise” disappearances by directors under the age of 70.

翻译解析：离开董事会（修饰语前置）最大的原因是年龄，因此研究者把注意力集中到那些70岁以下（修饰语前置）“突然”离职（名词动词译）的董事。

第四句：

1. after a surprise departure,

2. They found the probability increased by nearly 20%.

3. the probability that the company will subsequently have to restate earnings

翻译解析：在独立董事突然离开之后，他们发现企业不得不立即重申收入状况的（定语从句提前翻）可能性上升了几乎20%。

第五句：

1. The likelihood also increases,

2. （The likelihood）of being named in a federal class-action lawsuit

3. and the stock is likely to perform worse.

翻译解释：在联邦法院所受理的集体起诉案件中被提名的（修饰语前置）可能性也会增加，并且股票表现也不佳。

第六句：

The effect tended to be larger for larger firms.

翻译解析：这些影响对大公司的影响更大。

第七句：

1. Although a correlation is suggestive,

2. （ a correlation ）between them leaving and subsequent bad performance at the firm

3. it does not mean that such directors are always jumping off a sinking ship.

翻译解析：尽管独立董事的离职与随后公司表现不佳之间（修饰语前置）有所关联，但这并不意味着独立董事总是在出现不测后就离开公司（意译法）。

第八句：

1. Often they “trade up,”

2. leaving riskier, smaller firms for larger and more stable firms.

翻译解析：他们往往想在事业上“更上一层楼”（意译法），离开风险高的小公司而前往更大更稳定的公司。

动词及短语（重点）：

research（动词，研究；调查）-researcher（名词，研究者；调查者）

cover：这里用作动词表示覆盖；该词在真题中还被用做名词表示（书、杂志）封面

stay from A to B:表示从A一直待到B；注意与stay away from sth离开某事相区别；

state-statement:state在2010年的真题中表示州，比如state law(州法律）；在这里用作动词表示声明，陈述，也是考试的重点义项；statement名词，声明；

depart（这里表示离开；相当于leave）-departure（名词，离开）

concentrate on sth:关注，集中在某事或某对象上；类似的真题中还用到focus to sth

appear（动词，出现；真题中还考过其用于看起怎么样，似乎的义项，相当于seem；重点单词）-appearance（名词，出现）-disappearance（不出现-消失）：注意与上文的apparent表示显然的相区分；

re-state:重申；state前面提到有声明，陈述的意思；re表示再一次；

earn（动词，挣钱）-earnings（收入，收益）

perform（本文用来指公司的运营和表现）-performance（名词）

be likely to do sth:有可能做某事；跟下文的tend to do sth易于做某事；属于同义词替换；五星级短语

suggest（动词，提示，暗示；建议）-suggestive（暗示性的）；重点单词

jump off：跳离

sink（动词，下沉）-sinking（现在分词做形容词，下沉的）

trade up：通过贸易交易提高价格；这里指通过跳槽得到提升；

leave A for B：离开A前往B

其他相关词汇（选择记忆）：

simple（简单的）-simply（这里表示仅仅）

one proxy statement to the next （proxy statement）：从一个股东签署的委托书（proxy statement）到下一个股东签署的委托书，意思就是连任；

reason for sth:对于什么事的原因；

under the age of:多少岁以下；不到多少岁

probable（形容词，有可能的）-probability（名词，可能性）-likelihood（可能性，跟probability属于同义词替换）

sequent（连续的，相继发生的）-sequence（顺序；继发事件）-subsequent（随后的）-subsequently（随后，后来）-consequent（随之发生的；结果的）-consequently（因此，所以，表示结果）

class-action lawsuit:集体诉讼案件

stock：股票；本文出现了一些与公司经营相关的词汇可以放在一起学习下：bonus奖金，红利；share price股票价格；stock股票；

effect：影响（结果）

cor-relation：强调相互之间的关系