2010年真题阅读理解Text4 第四段

 

①In1968, the Congress of the United States passed the Jury Selection and Service Act, ushering in a new era of democratic reforms for the jury. ②This law abolished special educational requirements for federal jurors and required them to be selected at random from a cross section of the entire community. ③In the landmark 1975 decision Taylor v. Louisiana, the Supreme Court extended the requirement that juries be representative of all parts of the community to the state level. ④The Taylor decision also declared sex discrimination in jury selection to be unconstitutional and ordered states to use the same procedures for selecting male and female jurors.

 

真题重点词汇及短语：

Act：法案=law =practice

pass:通过

usher in:驶入，进入

a new era of sth:一个事物的新时代

democratic reforms:民主改革；

abolish:废除；重点词汇

requirements for sth=qualification for sth: 对什么的要求，资格；注意介词for；重点词汇

at random=randomly：随机的；固定搭配

require sb to do sth:要求某人做某事

a cross section of the entire community：社会各阶层

landmark：形容词，意义非凡的；

decision：裁决相当于上文的verdict裁决，判决；考试重点义项

extend sth to a ...level:把某物推到某一水平

be representative of ：是什么的代表

declare sth to be sth:宣布某物为某物

sex discrimination：性别歧视

order sb to do sth:命令某人做某事

procedures for doing sth:做某事的程序(第二段出现）

constitute（动词，组成，构成）-constitution（名词，宪法；构造，建立）-constitutional（宪法的）-unconstitutional（违反宪法的）；重点词汇

 

 

句子切分：

第一句：

1. In1968, the Congress of the United States passed the Jury Selection and Service Act,

2. ushering in a new era of democratic reforms for the jury.

参考译文：1968年美国通过了陪审团选举与服务法，开创了陪审团民主改革的新时代。

 

第二句：

1. This law abolished special educational requirements for federal jurors

2. And （this law） required them to be selected at random from a cross section of the entire community.

参考翻译：该法案废除了对联邦陪审员的特殊教育要求，并且要求从社会各个阶层随机选择陪审员。

 

第三句：

1. In the landmark 1975 decision Taylor v. Louisiana,

2. the Supreme Court extended the requirement

3. that juries be representative of all parts of the community to the state level.

参考译文：1975年Taylor v. Louisiana案件的判决是标志性的里程碑，根据该判决，最高法院把陪审团必须是社会各个阶层代表的要求扩大到州的级别。

 

第四句：

1. The Taylor decision also declared sex discrimination in jury selection to be unconstitutional

2. and ordered states to use the same procedures for selecting male and female jurors.

参考翻译：该案的判决还宣布在选择陪审员成员过程中的性别歧视违宪，要求州政府采用相同程序选择男女陪审员。

延伸阅读：

1.【英语】2010年英语真题文本精讲114期

2.【英语】2010年英语真题文本精讲113期

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