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【英语】2010年英语真题文本精讲112期

分享是种美德:

2010年真题阅读理解Text4 第一段


①Many Americans regard the jury system as a concrete expression of crucial democratic values, including the principles that all citizens who meet minimal qualifications of age and literacy are equally competent to serve on juries; that jurors should be selected randomly from a representative cross section of the community; that no citizen should be denied the right to serve on a jury on account of race, religion, sex, or national origin; that defendants are entitled to trial by their peers; and that verdicts should represent the conscience of the community and not just the letter of the law. ②The jury is also said to be the best surviving example of direct rather than representative democracy.③ In a direct democracy, citizens take turns governing themselves, rather than electing representatives to govern for them.

 

真题重点词汇及短语:

regard A as B:把A视作B;注意与respect尊重相区别;重点短语

jury system(陪审体系,制度)-on juries/on a jury(陪审)-juror(陪审员)-jury duty陪审权

concrete:具体的

express(动词,体现;真题中该义项为重点义项)-expression (of sth):什么的体现

crucial:至关重要的;真题中有有系列表示重要的形容词,比如我们前面碰到essential必须的,必要的/fundamental根本,基础的;

democratic:民主的-democracy(名词,民主主义);政治重要词汇

principle:原则;重要词汇

city(城市)-citizen(市民)-civil(公民的;文明的)-civilize(使文明)

minimal qualifications of sth:什么的最低要求(资格)

qualify(动词,使有资格)-qualification(名词,资格)

literal(文字的)-literacy(读写能力)

be competent to do sth:有资格胜任做某事;

compete(动词,竞争)-competent(形容词,能胜任的,有能力的)

serve:文中多次出现,这里表示担任;

be selected from:从某处选出

selective:精心挑选出的,形容词;

randomly:随机的;相当于at random;重点单词

represent(体现,核心词汇)-representative(可以做名词,表示代表{指人};可以是形容词,表示代表的)- unrepresentative(无代表,非代表性的)

a cross section of 各个部门,各个阶层;

community:在本文出现过三次,表示社会;它还表示社区在真题中也有出现;高频词汇

sb be denied:某人被否定,这里指被拒绝

the right to do sth:做某事的权利

on account of:这里表示由于,因为;六星级短语

race种族-racial种族的

national origin(民族的血统)

defend(动词,防守,防备)-defendant(被告人)-cavity-defending(形容词,预防龋齿的,2010年真题)重要词汇

be entitled to sth:有获得什么的资格

trial:这里表示审判;真题中还出现过表示实验的意思,相当于experiment;重要单词

peers:本意指同龄人;结合上下文这里指种族,宗教,民族等同等地位的人;

verdicts:判决;政治重要词汇

the conscience of community:社会良知

the letter of the law:法律条文

is said to be:被认为是

direct democracy直接民主-representative democracy(代议制民主)

the best example of sth:是什么最好的证明,典范

survive(动词,幸存,生存)-surviving持续的,存在的

take turn to do/doing sth:轮流做某事

govern治理,管理- government(政府,管理)

rather than A:而不是A,表示对A的否定;注意与rather A than B相比较,是A不是B;重点难点表达

 

句子切分:

第一句:

1. Many Americans regard the jury system as a concrete expression of crucial democratic values,

2. including the principles (后面跟了五个that引导的同位语从句做principle 的同位语)

3. that all citizens who meet minimal qualifications of age and literacy are equally competent to serve on juries;

4.  that jurors should be selected randomly from a representative cross section of the community;

5. that no citizen should be denied the right to serve on a jury on account of race, religion, sex, or national origin;

6.  that defendants are entitled to trial by their peers;

7. and that verdicts should represent the conscience of the community and not just the letter of the law.

参考翻译:许多美国人把陪审团制度视作是重要民主价值的具体体现,包括的原则有:所有满足年龄和文化最低要求的公民都有平等的成为陪审员的权利;陪审员应该从社区具有代表性的成员中随机选举;任何公民不能由于其种族、宗教、性别和民族出身而被剥夺成为陪审员的权利;被告有权利接受同等层次和地位人的审判;判决不应该仅仅依赖法条还应考虑到社会良知。

 

第二句:

1. The jury is also said to be the best surviving example

2. exampleof directdemocracy rather than representative democracy.

参考翻译:陪审团制度也被认为是提现直接民主制度而不是代议制民主的典范。

 

第三句:

1. In a direct democracy, citizens take turns governing themselves,

2. rather than electing representatives to govern for them.

参考翻译:在直接民主中,公民轮流执政而不是推选代表执政。

延伸阅读:

1.【英语】2010年英语真题精讲111期

2.【英语】2010年英语真题精讲110期


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